The Mass Murder At The Bath School Disaster Essay

Eighty-nine years after the Bath School Disaster, the deadliest mass murder at a school in United States history (Dozier), it remains one of the most significant and defining events in my hometown’s history. The great significance of the {impacts of the} disaster is obvious when taking a walk through the memorial park, when time is spent in the Bath School Museum browsing through town artifacts, and especially when walking the halls of any Bath Community School on May 18th, the disaster’s anniversary. Bath, Michigan is a small town approximately fifteen minutes northeast of Lansing, the state capital, and is the only place outside of Ann Arbor I call home. On the surface, Bath is a typical small town where nearly every resident is a familiar face and most classmates are together from pre-school to twelfth grade. {However, looking into Bath’s history reveals a much richer past than one might expect from a town of its size.} *Combine and make better – Bath = normal boring history with a few colorful/ interesting points*{In addition to the usual agriculture-centered history typical of towns in the area, Bath holds several interesting chapters in its history books.} These interesting chapters include unique traditions such as the annual Bath Tub Races (which is exactly what it sounds like), but the most unique, if not defining, chapter is that of the Bath School Disaster. Andrew Kehoe, a farmer and treasurer of the school board, was a man who experienced severe financialShow MoreRelatedEssay about Chapter 162321 Words   |  10 Pagesthe US tripped between 1860 and 1880 and tripled again by 1920, opening vast new areas to commercial farming and creating truly national market for manufactured goods. The growing population formed an ever-expanding market for the mass production, mass distribution, and mass marketing of goods, essential elements of a modern industrial economy. The railroads created 5 transcontinental lines and 4 times zones throughout the nation. 3. Why did organized efforts of farmers, workers, and local reformersRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevious history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutal oppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introduction of new technologies of repression and surveillance and modes of mass organization and control. Breakthroughs in the sciences that greatly enhanced our understandings of the natural world and made for major advances in medicine and health care were very often offset by the degradation of the global environment andRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesslaves, and disemboweled other natives who resisted conquest. Many were hanged, some were burned alive. He chopped off the hands of thousands who were slow in producing the gold he wanted. Many Arawak Indians responded by committing a series of mass suicides. He shipped 500 Arawak Indians back on Europe as slaves, although 200 died on the voyage. He brought Western diseases which spread across North and South America, almost depopulating what is now California. He helped convince many peopleRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesquestion is: what future for the Ministry? ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  In 1991, 28-year-old James Palumbo invested  £225,000 (≈a340,000) of his own capital into a new dance club located in an old South London bus depot. As an old Etonian (the UK’s most elitist private school), a graduate of Oxford University and a former merchant banker, Palumbo was an unlikely entrant into a dance culture that was still raw and far from respectable. He actually preferred classical music. The club’s name, the Ministry of Sound, ironicallyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as providesRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pagesv S3 balance n S2, W2 balance v S3 ball n S1, W2 ban n W3 band n S2, W2 bang v S3 bang n S3 bank n S1, W1 bar n S1, W1 barrier n W3 base v S1, W1 base n S2, W2 baseball n S3, W2 basic adj S2, W1 basically adv S1 basis n S2, W1 basket n S3 bat n S3 bath n S2, W3 bathroom n S2, W3 battery n S2 battle n W2 be auxiliary S1, W1 be v S1, W1 beach n S2, W2 bean n S2 bear v S2, W2 beard n S3 beat v S2, W2 beat n S3 beautiful adj S1, W2 beauty n S3, W2 because conj S1, W1 because prep S1, W1 become v S1,Read MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagescaressed Thomas face as he lay against the bus window. Thomas was eighteen, the oldest in his grade. He had dark blonde hair and ocean blue eyes. Thomas was not in that great of shape, but he did not have a weight problem either. He wore the standard school uniform, that being- black pants and a white shirt with the schools emblem on the left breast. The suns heat started to irritate Thomas face. His eyes twitched then opened. Thomas covered his face with his right hand and stared outside. TheRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagestranscribed and analysed. The CMS mission at Onitsha undertook the collection of a considerable amount of lexical material. Several copies of a typescript Ibo-English dictionary, edited by T.J. Dennis, are in existence (one is in the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London). The material is stated in the introduction to be mostly from Onitsha and its neighbourhood; it was collected by ‘Miss Warner and other Missionaries 2 Reviewed by M.M. Green in Journal of AfricanRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesYOU KNOW?: Employment Branding 136 DIVERSITY ISSUES IN HRM: Job Advertisements and EEO 137 Recruiting Sources 137 The Internal Search 137 Employee Referrals and Recommendations 138 External Searches 139 Advertisements 139 Employment Agencies 140 Schools, Colleges, and Universities 142 Job Fairs 143 Professional Organizations 143 Unsolicited Applicants 143 Preemployment Testing 160 Performance Simulation Tests 160 Work Sampling 160 Assessment Centers 160 Testing in a Global Arena 160 DID YOURead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesBusiness; Edward Pascal, University of Ottawa; James H. Patterson, Indiana University; Art Rogers, City University; Christy Strbiak, U.S. Air Force x Preface Academy; David A. Vaughan, City University; and Ronald W. Witzel, Keller Graduate School of Management. Nabil Bedewi, Georgetown University; Scott Bailey, Troy University; Michael Ensby, Clarkson University; Eldon Larsen, Marshall University; Steve Machon, DeVry University–Tinley Park; William Matthews, William Patterson University; Erin

Should Animal Testing Be Banned Essay - 2185 Words

Ban Animal Testing in Laboratories Vivisection or the use of live animals for testing is used for many experiments including cosmetic testing and psychological. Vivisection has been used by researchers since 500 BC and many life-saving treatments have been developed this way (animal-testing.procon.org). In 1921 dogs were used in experiments in which they had their pancreases removed and led to the discovery of insulin which has saved the lives of diabetics. The polio vaccine was tested on animals in 1988 and helped to reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases to 223 cases in 2012. Major advances in understanding and treating conditions such as breast cancer, brain injury, leukemia, multiple sclerosis and many others have benefited from animal research. Animal testing has also been instrumental in developing pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics. However these animals are deliberately harmed, not for their own benefit, and are killed during or at the end of the experiment. They are often bred in cruel, multi-million dollar industries such as laboratories or breeding facilities, for the sole purpose of experiments. Currently more than 115 million animals across the world are being used for scientific experiments and are forced to undergo some thing that is likely to cause them pain, suffering, and distress. They are waiting in fear for the next painful procedure to be performed and then killed. Animals used in laboratoryShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Personal Progress Childhood to Adulthood Essay Example For Students

Personal Progress Childhood to Adulthood Essay I started off rereading the thesis from an old essay from last semester. My responsibilities, timing, and priorities played a huge role. The supportive points of my thesis were stating what responsibilities had to be done during the time. How timing helped me move out on my own when I really didn’t know as much as I thought I did. Lastly, making sure my priorities came first before any and everything I wanted to do. Responsibilities were humungous for me. I wanted myself and other people to see what key points I really needed to show about how to grow up faster. It was just an outline for me writing it all down knowing I had to take care of important things such as finding a job, so I can have income to support myself. The most important thing was paying rent so I could have a roof over my head, instead of some box that I called a home to protect me from rain, wind, or snow. And being able to wash my clothes and dishes in a sink instead in some dirty old lake and having my clothes air dry from a dirty tree with little leaves on the branches to help the air blow through them. If anybody could stress about time, it was me, because I really had to have the patience to realize that a job wasn’t going to come to me unless I went out and searched to get one. It was time consuming waiting to hear from jobs or calling the companies up to make sure jobs were interested in me. It all paid off when I actually got a job. It was school and work battling head to head with one another, whether I was too tired to make it to school or it was not getting enough hours to have a steady pay check to support me. I had to do what I had to do and that was when I started to feel the actual shift of me changing and understanding how I am growing in a way I didn’t realize before. Prioritizing was one of the hardest things I had to do for the simple fact that I like to shop and party all the time. When I knew rent was due within the next couple of weeks I had to make sure I would put that money to the side and try my hardest not to let the money burn a hole in my pocket. I had so many bills to cover in a month that I didn’t think it was possible to make it work. My monthly bills were rent, car insurance, gas and electric, and water; and they all needed to be paid on time. My pay checks came out to be just the right amount of money to take care of all the bills I was required to pay. After I realized that I didn’t have enough extra income I started looking for another job to help support me. Then I really started to see the difference in less shopping and partying for me because then I started to notice I had to save for gas to get to and from home, school, and work. The message I wanted to bring to my audience was hoping that they understood how hard it was to move out at such a young age. I thought I was â€Å"grown-up† enough to do this task on my own but not knowing all the consequences and repercussions that came along with it was an eye-opener. I should have taken my time with it until I had a stable job and money saved up so I could have been prepared for this. But it seems as if when I was younger everyone wanted to buy the apartments I was interested in. .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 , .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .postImageUrl , .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 , .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:hover , .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:visited , .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:active { border:0!important; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:active , .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12 .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e1312987a71af2cc2e0dee51bfa5a12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: All Quiet On The Western Front (604 words) EssayThe audience that I wanted to direct my paper toward the most was younger teens who just turned eighteen and felt like they are â€Å"legal† because the law considers them adults. When in reality they really know nothing. They are always going to go to someone older for advice or help. The essay was structured by me describing the contrast and comparison of my childhood to my adult life. What I was hoping everyone would grasp out of it is that at eighteen years old it can be a hassle just packing your belongings up and moving into this new world that you have no idea about what so ever. You cannot just go into the real world thinking it is going to be just so peachy cream. Life’s really not some world we live in with fantasies. I showed myself how to live in the real world and how to understand the world I live in. Don’t get me wrong there are a few things that I still need help in but I can say I caught on very quickly. Time will fly regardless it is up to you to catch on to it. My childhood to adulthood is still not over because this journey is my beginning. I can say living on my own has taught me so much more rather than being in a house with a parent who does everything for me. Yes, I have had some regrets of moving out too soon but if I had not have moved out when I did then I think I would be so new to things that I have already experienced. I would not have seen some of the interesting things I saw while living by myself. I think that would have stressed me out much more. Lucky, for me I catch onto things quickly. I tend to hurry up and find a solution rather than pouting because stressing will not get me anywhere besides more problems and create more drama. I still can say I am in this process of learning new things while I continue to live on my own.

Stratification Theory Essay Example

Stratification Theory Paper Max Weber Socia Stratification So, while the above quotation may be a rather hackneyed phrase (to me and countless long-suffering sociology examiners, if not to you, since youre probably encountering It for the first time), it does sensitive us to a couple of major ideas (my advice here is to remember these ideas and forget about trying to sneak the quotation into your exam). That Weber addressed many of the same concerns addressed by Marx. That Weber came to substantially different conclusions to those interpreted by Marx. While this should come as no great surprise if youve been studying sociology for some time (and I would suggest that its probably a good idea to have gained some experience In handling sociological ideas and concepts before you attempt to tackle he concept of social stratification In any depth) sociologists frequently Interpret evidence In radically different ways It should alert you to the fact that there are a number of clear differences between the ideas, arguments and conclusions put forward by Weber and Marx in relation to social stratification. The task of these Notes, therefore, is to help you understand and evaluate both Weepers ideas and their relationship to Marxist ideas. Before we continue any further however, It might be useful to note that, for theoretical purposes, Ive classified Weber as a Conflict Theorist, for three good seasons: A. Firstly, because that is my interpretation of his general sociology. We will write a custom essay sample on Stratification Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stratification Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stratification Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer B. Secondly, because he talks In terms of the way In which social structures condition unman Detonator. Deer recognizes ten way In wanly structural relations denotable at the level of social class, status and power affect human behavior and consciousness and his interpretation of this relationship makes him, I would suggest, rather different to Interactions sociologists. C. Although Weber puts more emphasis than most structuralism sociologists on the importance of human consciousness and subjectivity, he does not make this the coco of his research. On the contrary, like most Conflict theorists, Weber analyses the nature of human consciousness within a structural context he may have come to different conclusions to Marxist Conflict theorists, but he appears to have more in common with the latter (in terms of his central sociological concerns) than with Interactions perspectives. However, since the whole perspective question is such a significant one in relation to A-level sociology, this might be a good place to note a number of points raised by Mary Maynard (Sociological Theory) in relation to the whole idea of sociological respective A. How Social Stratification Is Defined. Unlike Marx, Weepers analysis of social stratification was not rooted in or linked to any attempt to formulate a general historical analysis of social development. While, in common with Marx, Weber argued that class stratification had a clear and important economic dimension, he believed that two other related dimensions of stratification, namely: a. Status and b. Party (or political power) needed to be included if a full analysis and understanding of the rich social variety of different forms of social stratification was to be obtained. Thus, as has been suggested above, in order to understand the relative significance of Weepers three dimensions of stratification: a. Class b. Status and c. Party we need initially to know how they are both defined and inter-related and, in order to do this we need to further understand that all three dimensions are, for Weber, rooted in the concept of power. If you are unsure about how Weber (and others) have defined and used the concept of power then it would be useful to work your way through the Notes on Concepts ere In ten Power Ana Politics section AT ten course Detour you go any Turner since the following assumes you have a basic understanding of Weepers use of the concept of power). Central to Weepers analysis of social stratification in all its forms was the idea that we need to understand two basic things: Firstly, how societies are organized in hierarchical systems of domination and subordination (in terms of both individual and collective hierarchies). Secondly, the significance of power in the determination of social relationships based upon domination and subordination. In this respect, there are two basic dimensions to the concept of power that we need to understand: a. The possession of power: According to Weber, the ability to possess power derives from the individuals ability to control various social resources. These resources can be anything and everything and might include things like: Land, Capital, Social respect, Physical strength, Intellectual knowledge, In basic terms, the definition off social resource is simply something that is both socially desirable and in some sense limited (that is, it can be possessed by some but not others). As I hope you will appreciate, this concept of social resource is both: 1 . Extremely flexible (almost anything can qualify as a social resource) and 2. Liable to vary in time (for example, at different points in the historical development of a society) and space (for example, between different societies / cultures). Activity Give examples of social resources that have varied in their significance in both time and space. For example: Time In our society in the asses, ownership of a television was a form of power since it conferred status upon owners of this social resource. Nowadays, because television ownership is not limited, no such status is given to ownership of this resource. Space In our collects, meal doctors are generally well-pal Ana nave Nell status This is not true of all societies (the old Soviet union being a good example). B. The exercising of power: The ability to exercise power takes a number of different forms, but all involve the idea that it means the ability to get your own way with others, regardless of their ability to resist you. In terms of understanding the relationship between power and social stratification, Weber theorized the various ways in which societies are organized in hierarchical systems of domination and subordination using the following major concepts: 1 . Class Power (Class): This was theorized by Weber on the basis of unequal access to material sources. For example, if I possess something that you want (or, better still from my point of view, need) then this makes me potentially more powerful than you. I am in a dominant position and you are in a subordinate position because I control access to a desired social resource. A classic illustration here is the relationship between an employer and employee. Explain this relationship on the basis of control of resources / power. 2. Social Power (Status): If you respect me or view me as your social superior, then I will potentially be able to exercise power over you (since you will respond positively to my instructions / commands). In this respect, social status is a social resource simply because I may have it while you may not 3. Political Power (Party): This form of power is related to the way in which the State is organized in modern social systems (involving the ability to make laws, for example). If you can influence this process of law creation then you will be in a potentially powerful position. Thus, by your ability to influence a decision-making process you possess power, even though you may not directly exercise that power personally. Political parties are the organizational means to possess power through the mechanism of the State and they include not Just formally organized parties, but any group that is organized to influence the way in which power is exercised legitimately through the machinery of the State. For example: Status groups (political organizations that exist to protect the social status of a particular group Walton society Tort example: I en Brattles Meal Escalation) Interest groups (political organizations that exist to advance the interests of a particular section of society by attempting to influence the way decisions are taken by government). Give some examples of: a. Status groups: b. Interest groups: What this means, therefore, is that if you are in a position to influence a decision- making process then you are in a position of power. By your ability to influence this process you possess power, even though you may not directly exercise power. Obvious examples here might be exercising power through your ability to influence: a. Political parties (for example, through donating money to them). B. The making of laws (for example, through ownership of the mass media, your influence with a party in government). In our political system, political parties are organized to possess power through the Achaeans of the State. As Ive suggested above, this involves not only formally organized political parties, but also any group that is organized to attempt to influence the way in which power is (legitimately) exercised through the agencies of the State (pressure groups, status groups, interest groups . One of the strengths of this approach to the understanding of social stratification is the fact that it identifies three separate but inter-dependent dimensions of stratification: namely class, status and power. Its important that you dont see these three dimensions of stratification as either / r categories (that is, an individual as either economically powerful (class) or socially powerful (status) or politically powerful (party)). In the real world each dimension tends to be very closely related to one another such that: People who are economically powerful tend also to have a relatively high standing in the community (status) and are able to use these two forms of power to influence the political process in some way (for example, attempting to influence the government into passing laws favorable to such people). Slung ten concept AT values, snow now we can apply tens concept to unreason TN allegations between class and status in our society. This separation between class, status and power was not unique to Weber, since if you think about it for a moment, we have seen that Marx was well aware of these three different forms of power. Like Weber, Marx viewed these dimensions of stratification as: a. Theoretically distinct and b. Empirically inter-dependent. What this means, in simple terms, is that we can define these dimensions separately for the sake of theoretical convenience / clarity, but it is impossible to separate them empirically in the real world of human social interaction. Where Marx tended to differ from Weber was in the basic emphasis he placed upon each of the three dimensions the economic dimension was, according to Marx, the most significant one, since possession of economic power invariably leads to the possession of status and political power. In this respect, we have already seen, in an earlier Study Pack, the way in which Marx related economic power to status and political power when he talked about the distinction between infrastructure and superstructure in society. To which of these areas, according to Marx, does each dimension of power belong? Weber was, of course, also aware of the problems involved in the personalization of these three concepts, since it is evident that: High class, High status and High power are most commonly found together in our society (it is unusual, for example, to find someone who is immensely wealthy without their also enjoying high social status and political power). However, where Weber differed from Marx was in the relative emphasis that he placed upon the significance of each dimension of stratification. As we have seen, class forms of stratification (your relationship to a means of production) tended, for Marx, to be most significant. The focus of Mars analysis tended to be on the system as a whole, rather than the individual problems of placement within that system. Weber, on the other hand, was more concerned to analyses the way in which social systems were stratified at the level of individuals / social groups the way in which, for example, people doing much the same sort of work could have quite different levels AT status Ana / or power. In this respect, we can see here two things: a. The importance of theoretical perspective. Both Marx and Weber were looking at the same things, using very similar incepts. However, their analysis and conclusions tended to differ mainly because they were concerned to explain different things. B. Marx and Weber were in many ways complimentary to each other, sociologically, in the sense that they both tell us useful things about the nature of social stratification. Marx tells us something about the general nature of social stratification (a kind of macro picture). Weber tells us something about the specific nature of social stratification (a kind of micro picture). In this respect, this difference is reflected in terms of their overall theoretical respective, whereby Mars conflict approach can be contrasted with Weepers conflict perspective on the basis that the former emphasized the importance of social structure (the way in which individual behavior is conditioned by the general structure of social relationships) while the latter emphasized the importance of social action (the ability of individuals to influence the nature of their social relationships in sociologically significant ways). Since Weepers conception of social action is important, it might be opportune here to digress slightly by outlining some f the major elements in Weepers approach to the understanding of the social world Social Action Theory: A Hibernia Perspective. Max Weber is a difficult sociologist to pigeon-hole in perspective terms (for reasons that will become clear in a moment), since he doesnt fit neatly into the usual Structuralism / Interactions dichotomy so beloved of sociology textbooks. However, in terms of this dichotomy, Weber is closer to the Conflict Structuralism perspective since it is clear that in much of his sociological analysis he focuses upon the way in which the structure of peoples relationships influence (but not determine) peoples behavior. The confusion over his theoretical status largely stems from the fact that Weber concerned himself with the attempt to make sense of the rational basis of the choices of behavior made by individuals in their daily lives; that is, he attempted to analyses human behavior at an individual level within the context of a clear sense of structural constraint (the choices we make about how to behave socially are clearly contralto others). A Day ten structural relationship wanly we Don Tort Ana are Tort For Weber, therefore, society is created through social interaction (it is not something hat is naturally given) and such interaction involves the conscious behavior of thinking, reflective, individuals. People, in effect, make choices about their lives, their group memberships and so forth and these are neither pre-determined nor pre- destined. As we have seen, power was a very important concept for Weber and he used it to explain the way in which societies both change and remain relatively stable and orderly. Social change, for Weber, came about in many ways: a. Purposeful social action people thinking about the nature of society and acting purposefully to develop and change the way they live. . The unintended consequences of social actions for example, wars bring about social change in ways that may not have been intended by their participants . Economic conflicts that marry both purposeful social action and unintended outcomes. In this respect, we can see that, unlike Marx, Weber emphasized the way in which social change could come about in ways that did not simply involve class conflicts (as we see when we look at his analysis of the relationship between social change and the role of religion). In this sense, therefore, power struggles occur throughout society and, while economic power is a crucial variable in this st ruggle, it is not the only one. Powerful groups other than social classes may arise within a society from time to time and the power struggle between them may involve interests that are not specifically economic. In this respect, Hibernia sociology is sometimes seen as a pluralist perspective, in the sense that societies are invariably seen to involve a variety of different groups (a plurality), each possessing (or competing for) greater or lesser forms of power. As we have already seen, such groups may be of the class, status or party variety (or, more usually, a combination of each) The basis of each group is: Class the relationship each group has to the means of economic production, in addition to a variety of factors such as technical skills and educational qualifications that affect an individuals market situation independently of the ownership / non-ownership of property. B. Status a group that is related on the basis of a parity of esteem (a group of equals), ten Oasis Tort wanly Is a groups pattern AT consumption (or Testily). C. Party a group that is organized in some way for the taking / exercising of political power. Such groups may be class based, but they may also draw their membership from a variety of social classes. On the basis of the above, social stratification represented, for Weber, the way in which the distribution of power in any society becomes institutionalized that is, starts to assume a relatively stable pattern of social behavior that exists over a long period and the economic aspect (class) was considered to be neither more nor less important in terms of stratification than the status and party dimensions. To understand why this should be so we need to look briefly at the different sociological tauter of the concepts of class, status and party. . Economic class, for Weber, was considered to be an objective sociological / political category. That is, it was a statistical category to which people could be sociologically allocated on the basis of their market situation. While people could, of course, be conscious of belonging to a particular economic class, Weber argued that this was not assured; Just because, as sociologists, we can objectively allocate people to a particular category doesnt mean that: a. People accept that they belong to that category. For example, someone who can be classified as working class on the basis of their objective market position as a road sweeper may (subjectively) believe themselves to be middle class and this will have important social consequences for their social behavior. B. People placed into the same objective category necessarily think and act in similar ways. One major problem for Marxist is the fact that class is such a central theoretical concept in their analysis. Class is more than Just a statistical category; it is the expression of a whole set of norms, values, beliefs, interests and so forth. In this respect, to (over)simplify the situation, each class in capitalist society has its own set of class interests the proletariats interests involve taking-over the means of production and holding them in common, while the interests of the bourgeoisie are basically to prevent the proletariat doing Just that. Whereas the ruling class recognize their basic class interests, a problem arises when the proletariat do not seem to recognize their class interests when, in effect, they show no overwhelming desire to overthrow the bourgeoisie. For Marxist, the robber here is how to explain why something has not happened in the way that it should be happening / should have happened. In short, based upon the assumption that the proletariat should see it to be in their interests to throw off their exploitation Day ten Doorbells, Marxist nave to explain winy ten proletariat nave not Addenda predicted and to do this they have employed a variety of concepts (false consciousness, ideological indoctrination and so forth) to try to explain the shortfall between prediction and reality. According to Weber, on the other hand, we must avoid the trap of assuming that, cause people can be objectively assigned a particular class their failure to act in ways that further their objective class interests have to be explained in terms of such concepts as false consciousness or ideological distortions introduced through a ruling class control of various agencies of colonization (education, mass media, etc. ). People may appear to act in ways that are not in their interests for a variety of reasons and we can only understand these reasons by looking at the (subjective) dimensions of status and party. The concepts of status and party add a subjective dimension to social stratification, n terms of the fact that they allow Weber to theorize an element of conscious social organization that is related to but also separate from economic class. In this respect, we can see the basis for some of the theoretical confusion that tends to surround the pigeon-holing of Weber, in the sense that his form of conflict structuralism includes reference not simply to social structures but also to the subjective consciousness of individual social actors.

It Was a Pleasure to Burn essays

It Was a Pleasure to Burn essays In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury's classic vision of the future, firemen don't put out firesthey start them in order to burn books. Bradbury's vividly painted society displays the appearance of happiness as the main goal. It is a place where trivial information is admired and true knowledge and ideas are banned. Guy Montag is a fireman who has always been happy and fulfilled in his job. He's never questioned the purpose of book burning. He only knows what he's been told - books are bad because they cause unhappiness. He enjoys the thrill of setting a fire and the beauty of the flames. His wife spends all day plugged into seashell earpieces or watching her television "family." At night, she takes sleeping pills. Unfortunately, she is not alone. All their friends do the same thing. They don't engage in conversations, they parrot what they hear on TV programs, and they have no thoughts of their own. They are only vaguely aware that the country is at war. The government doesn't want to distress the citizens, so it doesn't broadcast anything unpleasant. Montag's boss, Chief Beatty, sums up the sentiment of the society saying, "Give the people contests they win by remembering the words to more popular songs. Don't give them slippery stuff like philosophy or sociology to tie things up with. That way lies melancholy." The people of Montag's world live under that principle, though they don't know it, and believe ignorance is bliss. The ban on books began when books were deemed offensive; being censored until eventually the intolerance of differing voices leads to the ban of all books. This results in a lack of any voices at all, only a vacuous society. Montags dull, empty life sharply contrasts with that of his next-door neighbor Clarisse, a young girl thrilled by the ideas in books, and more interested in what she can see in the world around her than in the mindless chatter of the seashells and walls. She is...

President James Buchanan and the Secession Crisis

President James Buchanan and the Secession Crisis The election of Abraham Lincoln in November 1860 triggered a crisis which had been simmering for at least a decade. Outraged by the election of a candidate who was known to be opposed to the spread of slavery into new states and territories, leaders of the southern states began to take action to split from the United States. In Washington, President James Buchanan, who had been miserable during his term in the White House and couldn’t wait to leave office, was thrown into a horrendous situation. In the 1800s, newly elected presidents were not sworn into office until March 4 of the following year. And that meant Buchanan had to spend four months presiding over a nation which was coming apart. The state of South Carolina, which had been asserting its right to secede from the Union for decades, back to the time of the Nullification Crisis, was a hotbed of secessionist sentiment. One of its senators, James Chesnut, resigned from the U.S. Senate on November 10, 1860, only four days after Lincoln’s election. His states other senator resigned the next day. Buchanans Message to Congress Did Nothing to Hold the Union Together As talk in the South about secession was quite serious, it was expected that the president would do something to reduce tensions. In that era, presidents did not visit Capitol Hill to deliver a State of the Union Address in January but instead provided the report required by the Constitution in written form in early December. President Buchanan wrote a message to Congress which was delivered on December 3, 1860. In his message, Buchanan said that he believed secession was illegal. Yet Buchanan also said he did not believe the federal government had any right to prevent states from seceding. So Buchanan’s message pleased nobody. Southerners were offended by Buchanan’s belief that secession was illegal. And Northerners were perplexed by the president’s belief that the federal government couldn’t act to prevent states from seceding. His Own Cabinet Reflected the National Crisis Buchanan’s message to Congress also angered members of his own cabinet. On December 8, 1860, Howell Cobb, the secretary of the treasury, a native of Georgia, told Buchanan he could no longer work for him. A week later, Buchanan’s Secretary of State, Lewis Cass, a native of Michigan, also resigned, but for a very different reason. Cass felt that Buchanan was not doing enough to prevent the secession of southern states. South Carolina Seceded on December 20 As the year drew to a close, the state of South Carolina held a convention at which the state’s leaders decided to secede from the Union. The official ordinance of secession was voted on and passed on December 20, 1860. A delegation of South Carolinians traveled to Washington to meet with Buchanan, who saw them at the White House on December 28, 1860. Buchanan told the South Carolina commissioners that he was considering them to be private citizens, not representatives of some new government. But, he was willing to listen to their various complaints, which tended to focus on the situation surrounding the federal garrison which had just moved from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Senators Tried to Hold the Union Together With President Buchanan unable to prevent the nation from splitting, prominent senators, including Stephen Douglas of Illinois and William Seward of New York, attempted various strategies to placate the southern states. But action in the U.S. Senate seemed to offer little hope. Speeches by Douglas and Seward on the Senate floor in early January 1861 only seemed to make things worse. An attempt to prevent secession then came from an unlikely source, the state of Virginia. As many Virginians felt their state would suffer greatly from the outbreak of war, the states governor and other officials proposed a peace convention to be held in Washington. The Peace Convention Was Held in February 1861 On February 4, 1861, the Peace Convention began at the Willard Hotel in Washington. Delegates from 21 of the nations 33 states attended, and former president John Tyler, a native of Virginia, was elected its presiding officer. The Peace Convention held sessions until mid-February when it delivered a set of proposals to Congress. The compromises hammered out at the convention would have taken the form of new amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The proposals from the Peace Convention quickly died in Congress, and the gathering in Washington proved to be a pointless exercise. The Crittenden Compromise A final attempt to forge a compromise that would avoid outright war was proposed by a respected senator from Kentucky, John J. Crittenden. The Crittenden Compromise would have required significant changes to the United States Constitution. And it would have made slavery permanent, which meant legislators from the anti-slavery Republican Party would likely have never agreed to it. Despite the obvious obstacles, Crittenden introduced a bill in the Senate in December 1860. The proposed legislation had six articles, which Crittenden hoped to get through the Senate and the House of Representatives with two-thirds votes so they might become six new amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Given the splits in Congress and the ineffectiveness of President Buchanan, Crittendens bill did not have much chance of passage. Not dissuaded, Crittenden proposed bypassing Congress and seeking to change the Constitution with direct referendums in the states. President-Elect Lincoln, still at home in Illinois, let it be known that he did not approve of Crittendens plan. And Republicans on Capitol Hill were able to use stalling tactics to make sure the proposed Crittenden Compromise would languish and die in Congress. With Lincolns Inauguration, Buchanan Happily Left Office By the time Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated, on March 4, 1861, seven slave states had already passed ordinances of secession, thus declaring themselves no longer part of the Union. Following Lincolns inauguration, four more states would secede. As Lincoln rode to the Capitol in a carriage beside James Buchanan, the outgoing president reportedly said to him, If you are as happy entering the presidency as I am leaving it, then you are a very happy man. Within weeks of Lincoln taking office, the Confederates fired upon Fort Sumter, and the Civil War began.

Facilities Engineering Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Facilities Engineering - Coursework Example Here are the CPR results obtained for oil and gas exploration: Figure 1: CPR results of Gas and Oil extracted from Gazelle Well Major products extracted out of the oilfield at Gazelle are liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oils, lubricating oils, paraffin wax, sulfur. Question: Prepare flow schemes showing the architecture of the layout and of the main components used from the wellhead to the point of export for all option. The architectural layout of the Gazelle offshore oilfield is shown below with all the processing units and their respective processing cycles. This is a very large operating unit with extensively large piping layout with fluid streams running along. Crude oil is first passed through an oil production unit which provides the pre-processed oil to the oil storage tank from where it is delivered to the processing plant through a piping system. Here is the detailed flow diagram of all the processes taking place along their sequential flows: Figure 2: Flow Diagram of Gazelle Oilfield with components used in Oil Production Gazelle oilfield is a field that requires extensive production as well as operational refurbishments but even then it is above working above case base oil producing offshore refineries. This oil production unit involves a number of operating units that work extensively for long hours to provide quality product in economical rates with least water cuts. Following is an exhaustive list of components that work as a part of oil refinery at Gazelle(Snow, 2010, Gordon, 2012). De-salter unit is just provided at the inlet of crude oil and is responsible for washing away all the salt from crude oil. Distillator: Crude oil from de-salter is then passed through the distillatory unit which distills the crude oil into fractions. Second stage of distillation is also incorporated just after this by making use vacuum distillation unit which is responsible for the distillation of the left over components of crude oil which were not fractioned by simple distillatory. Hydrotreater: all fractions of the crude oil are then hydrogenated according to their requirements and this process is performed for removing sulfur contents from the oil fractions. Catalytic Reformer: it is used to reform the low grade oil fractions into high grade products like converting gasoline to a higher degree of octane level. While reforming the oil fractions excess amount of hydrogen is produced as a by-product of the process. Fluid Catalytic Cracker: this catalytic cracker is specialized in converting only liquid oil fractions to higher grade of oil. The process of converting gasoline to hi-octane is processed there. Hydrocracker: hydrocracker then takes the oil fractions and hydrogenizes them in order to upgrade the fractions. Visbreaking: the oil fractions that are needed to be degraded to lower order fractions are then passed through visbreaking unit Coking unit: this unit is specialized in carbonizing the heavy oil components of the fractions in order to produce gasoline. This helps in converting maximum oil fractions into consumable products. Alkylation: this unit is specialized in converting low grade molecules to higher ones and hence improving the quality of gasoline. Dimerization: the process of dimerization is performed in order to hydrogenate the gasoline products. Isomerization unit: This unit is specia

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 8

Research Proposal - Essay Example Parent-child relationships are frequently distressed by the mental illness of a parent. Uysal, Hibbard, Robillard, Pappadopulos, and Jaffe (1998 as cited in Nicholson, Biebel, Kinden, Henry, & Stier, 2004) discovered that parents with mental disorder were less nurturing; less focused on motivating social skill development, cleanliness, and obedience; and were commonly less involved with their children’s social being than parents without mental illness. Such parenting deteriorations could be related with child problem behavior (Nicholson et al., 2004). In order to situate the research questions in theoretical perspective, several major components of social development framework: the interdependencies of social lives; and the function of human agency in the process of making decision (Reutlinger, 2009), will be considered. A fundamental principle of the social development framework is that the lives of people are interconnected (Reutlinger, 2009). The interrelated lives of parents and children are specifically significant due to the fact that even though children commonly have little say in the decision making of the lives of their parents, the family define the living situations of children considerably by affecting the levels of different social capital resources accessible to children within the family unit (Schmier, 2004). Even though the lives of children are influenced by an array of social institutions external to the family, such as peers, neighborhoods, and schools, the fates and opportunities of family members are strongly interconnected, and families keep hold of a major role in the social development of children (Schmier, 2004). Family arrangement, the prerequisites of abilities and skills by adult family members and the possible rivalry for resources from other family members therefore all facilitate in the construction of the domestic

Personal Classroom Management System Essay Example for Free

Personal Classroom Management System Essay Abstract An effective classroom management is essential for the success of the students. The classroom management plan needs to be strong, but also flexible since not every class is the same and the teacher needs to be able to change around the plan to fit the needs of the current class. To construct my own classroom management plan, I have borrowed some ideas from classes I have taken throughout my college career and through my own experiences as a student. My Personal Classroom Management System. In this paper I will attempt to explain my personal classroom management system. I will begin by describing the classroom conditions I will provide for my students. I will specify the behavioral goals for my students and the ways in which I want them to conduct themselves. I will elaborate on how I will grade and assess my students. I will conclude by explaining classroom procedures and how I will intervene when a student is misbehaving. Classroom Environment I believe that it is important to create a safe and encouraging environment for my students. The classroom should be a place where the students feel comfortable asking questions and expressing themselves. No student should feel embarrassed to ask questions or voice opinions. I will explain to my students that we are our own community and everyone has a role to do if the community is to work correctly. I plan to create this type of environment by establishing rules, procedures, and routines for my students to understand and follow. I feel that giving students a daily routine to follow it helps to them to develop personal responsibility. Every morning I will greet my students at the door. By doing this I can see my students in the hallway to make sure that they are following the school rules, but I can also see the students inside the classroom to make sure that they are following our classroom rules and beginning their daily routines. The first thing my students will need to do is find their assigned seating and begin their bell work. This helps them learn responsibility and start the day off productively. I will also have end of the day routines for the students to follow. Twenty minutes before the end of school I will have the students  gather their belongings and pack their backpacks. We will also use this time to clean and organize the classroom so it will be in order for the next day. I want to create an environment where my students and I can learn from our various cultures and backgrounds. I want to have a weekly class session where one student is picked to share something they love about their family’s culture and traditions. This will make all my students feel important and I feel this will also help my students who may be ESL students feel comfortable and help them succeed in school. Parental Involvement  I will develop a relationship with parents at the beginning of the school year. Communication between the parents, students and me is extremely important. I will contact parents to give them good news about their students and not just contact them when their child is misbehaving. I will create a monthly newsletter which I will send home with my students and post on the school website. This newsletter will let the parents know what will be going on in our classroom. This will also give them the opportunity to volunteer for different activities and help them become more involved in their child’s education. Class Rules, Rewards Consequences In order for my students to be successful throughout the school year, they learn and follow the rules starting on the first day of school. In my classroom the rules that must be followed are: 1. Respect and follow all school rules 2. Respect others and their belongings 3. No hitting, touching or using bad language 4. Raise your hand before speaking or leaving your seat 5. Always do your best These rules will be posted in my classroom on the first day of class. We will create a few more rules together as a class during the first week of school as well. We will spend the first two weeks of school reviewing our classroom rules. According to Wong’s Pragmatic classroom students who spend the first two weeks of school reviewing class rules learn better and conduct themselves accordingly (Charles, 132). This will help give my students ownership on their behavior. I will send two copies of the rules home for the students to give to their parents. I will ask that both the students and the parents sign one copy and return it to me and post one copy at home that can be viewed daily. I will also post a progress chart in the classroom for all students to view. The chart will cover the student’s weekly behavior starting fresh each day. At the end of the week students will be able to choose a reward based on the number of gold stars they have. Some examples of rewards include choosing a book to read when finished with class work, choosing a prize from the treasure box, being the daily helper, and being the line leader for the day. I will also use lots of positive praise and behavioral narration to encourage my students to do their best daily. There will also be consequences when the rules are not followed. These consequences will be discussed with both the students and the parents at the beginning of the year. The following are examples of the consequences: 1. Loss of picking from the treasure chest 2. Time taken from recess 3. Time spent in detention before or after school 4. A call to parents 5. A visit to the principal’s office 6. In extreme cases immediate suspension Grading and Assessment I believe it’s important to use a variety of tools to assess students. This is because all students learn in a variety of ways. I plan to use both informal and formal assessment procedures in my classroom. Homework will be used as a study tool and an extension of the daily lesson and therefore will not be graded. Homework will be used for participation points. Instead of grading it I will stamp the assignment to show that the student was given participation points for effort. All assessments will be aligned with the state standards and curriculum. The grading policy and rubrics will be made available for the students and their parents at all times. When I give tests I will only test students on materials we have covered during that week and never use gotcha questions. Students will be allowed to do make up tests if they fail and would like a better grade. Classroom Procedures Everyday my students will be expected to come into the classroom, take their seats and immediately start on their bell work. All pencils should be sharpened before the bell rings. This means students need to get to class on time. When class work is finished early, students will have the choice of choosing a book from our class library or free writing in their writing journals. Bathroom breaks will be taken individually throughout the day and as a class before and after lunch and recess. These are some of the procedures I will implement: Morning Procedures †¢Greet teacher and classmates as you enter the room †¢Unload backpack, sharpen pencils and place supplies on desk †¢Begin bell work Desk Procedures †¢No food, candy or toys allowed at your desk †¢Keep your hands and feet on/under your own desk and not in the aisle †¢Keep the area around your desk clean Line Up/Leaving Procedure †¢Quietly form two orderly lines †¢Keep your hands to yourself/arms crossed †¢No talking in the hallway †¢No running or pushing while in line †¢When leaving the room one line will follow the other to form one line in the hallway Intervention Plan Before deciding on a plan, I will observe, reflect, consult with the student, parents and coworkers, and outline ideas that may correct problematic behaviors viewed in the classroom. After considering the behavior of the child, I will reflect on the role of the environment and classroom routines, and the interactions of the child with fellow students and teachers. I will  be sure to take advantage of the use of specialized staff members, such as the school psychologist and speech therapist, within the school system who are willing to assist me with my plan. This plan will be constructed on an individual basis as not all students will respond to the same methods. Once the plan is implemented, I will observe for positive changes and make adjustments accordingly after a follow up meeting with the parents, student and specialists involved in constructing the initial plan. Reference Charles, C. M. (1999). Building Classroom Discipline. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.

Essay --

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay The highest level of courage is staying true to yourself. Being honest to yourself and standing up for what you believe in takes great courage. Unfortunately, being courageous comes at a high cost and you may not always be rewarded for it. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, many characters show courage at the topmost level. Their acts may seem foolish and immoral to others, but they do what they believe in. The book shows that true courage is fighting in what you believe no matter what the consequences. We see this type of courage in Jem, Scout, Atticus and even Boo Radley throughout the course of the book. Firstly, Atticus demonstrated mental courage when he undertook the task of defending Tom Robinson, a black man who was wrongly accused of rape, in court. He had to persevere through many hardships in order to make a statement in the community. Atticus knew he would not win the case against the all white jury and like Mrs. Dubose in her struggle against morphine, Atticus lost before he even began. Nevertheless, Atticus knew that Tom was innocent and was willing to stand up for him because nobody else would. Since Atticus stayed true to himself and did only what is morally correct, he fought this case with great determination. He wanted the people of Maycomb to know the truth about what happened to Mayella Ewell, but even the truth would not free Tom Robinson. "That boy might go to the chair, but he's not going till the truth's told." (Lee, 146) Atticus showed true courage in going against Maycomb, a mostly prejudice town. He was given names like â€Å"nigger lover† and was loo ked down upon heavily but that did not stop him. On the other hand, Mayella Ewell decided to lie about the case because othe... ...ack home, Scout puts her arm around his arm to signify to the neighbors that Boo is a friend, not an enemy. In conclusion, true courage is shown in the story in many different ways by many different characters. There was not just one protagonist in this story who turns out to be a hero. In this story we had two plots. Each of the plots contained many heroic characters who not only did what they deemed morally just, but put their life behind what they believed in. Whether physically or mentally exerting themselves, almost every character, showed qualities like Martin Luther King Jr. They made bold statements in the community. They sent out messages that people would not forget. It is unfortunate that only now can we admire these type of people for what they did. Thankfully, they are remembered for their courage and that is what makes these characters world famous.

Proprietary vs Contract Security Essay

Security Many types of security are in existents today, site or mobile patrol; loss prevention functions; special events security; in-house security functions and private investigations are some of the tasks. Choosing the right one for the needs of any establishment should be one of the ultimate goals of the business. This paper will focus on proprietary and contract security in particular. A comparison of the two types of security will be addressed. Identifying some of the issues in either type of security is of great importance as well as understanding the various roles of security personnel. After briefly recognizing some of the advantages and disadvantages of proprietary versus contract security, a recommendation will be rendered on which type should be utilized for the international automobile manufacturer that I have been assigned as the security manager. Comparison Proprietary security is controlled entirely by a particular company and is responsible for the hiring, firing and management of personnel. Contract security is operated by a professional security company and contracts its services to different companies. The status of proprietary security is considered higher than contract security, attracting a higher quality of security personnel and a greater expense in wages. The cost for contract security is becoming more prevalent because of the increased price tag or liability for companies. Although this is not true for all companies; many directors of security fear that switching to a contract provider will mean they are of decreased value to their company (Allied Barton, 2009). In contrast, security directors that outsource their security program often find they no longer spend long day to day hours managing security officers. Instead, they are able to offer their skills in more prominent and visible areas of security and consulting and analysis (Allied Barton, 2009). Both types of security may include the same services with benefits; yet, there are some advantages and disadvantages. Advantages and Disadvantages Proprietary security is still viewed as having many advantages than contract security. The consistency, best training for security personnel and specific needs offer the balance to identify different types of behaviors toward employees. Contract security was seen in the past as inadequate, untrained and not loyal; today, there has been an increase in use of contract security vendors. The performance levels of private security vendors, high level of educated and experienced security professionals have caused the cost factor to be a secondary consideration. While there are many other reasons for advantages and disadvantages in these two types of security, addressing the issues in choosing which is best for any particular business should be weighed. Conclusion There are many costs and benefits to be considered when choosing a proprietary or contract security. When deciding on the type of security, be sure to weigh the positives and negatives of the different types and which can be more beneficial to the business. Each business will have its own personnel and facility knowledge. Proprietary security is more costly when replacing individuals. Contract security makes it easier to lower the internal pressures and provide services such as recruiting, training, supervision, security factors, uniforms, and the costs is lower than proprietary security. My recommendation as the security manager for the international automobile manufacturer is to utilize the contract security. Many types of security are in existents today; choosing the right one for the needs of any establishment should be one of the ultimate goals of the business. The objective to focus on proprietary and contract security has been addressed and compared. This paper has identified some of the issues in one or the other type of security and elaborated on the significant importance as well as understanding the various roles of security personnel. After briefly recognizing some of the advantages and disadvantages of proprietary versus contract security, a recommendation has been rendered to utilize contract security for the international automobile manufacturer that I have been assigned as the security manager.

American National Standards Institute

In every database project, there would always be requirements for the implementation of its data model. For it to work well and test its functionality, a data value might be needed. This data value will assume a value that is unknown. In relational databases, SQL server uses a placeholder called NULL that resembles unknowns. NULL sets parameters so some data modelers can avoid using it. However, just like any other technology, complications would always arise. One of these is an argument whether it’s good to use NULL or not.NULL is a condition, apart from being unknown (Poolet, 2006). However, along with its many uses are issues supported by some books that suggest minimization of using NULL. There are also a few authors who came to a point of telling to never declare a column NULL. According to them, declaring a column null would mean minor additional overhead on SQL server. Also, you must see to it that you have accounted for the NULL condition in any program that will gain access to the database most especially to those programming languages that would flag null as an error condition.The issues, however, do not necessarily suggest to avoid the use of NULL. In the first place, NULL values are created for purpose. It expresses an unknown condition that is valid. The American National Standards Institute, the provider of standardization system in USA, is supporting the use of NULL instead of empty strings. Thus, the use of NULL is just a matter of choice. References Poolet, M. A. (2006, May) Designing for Performance: Null or Not Null? SQL Server Magazine, pg. 31 American National Standards Institute The American National Standards Institute is an organization that is instrumental in evaluating conformance in relation to customary setups. Their management systems related to standardization are reflected in their environmental parameters in ISO 14000 and quality based parameters such as ISO 9000. In general terms the mission of ANSI can be enumerated as an operation that is constructed to enhance the basic competitiveness of both national and global business.This helps to maintain the integrity of the US business in a voluntary consensus manner that ultimately projects the face of the US to the world as this depicts the quality of life in the United States. (Lamb, 243) It could be mentioned in this context that the system of voluntary standard and the ANSI is a very dynamic process. The initial need of this organization can be traced back to 1911 when industrial conflicts in relation to waste and duplications became a major issue.During this period in 1916 five major bodies of Ame rica came together to form a common nation body that was to look after and coordinate the standardization process. These eminent bodies are ASTM or the American Society for Testing Materials, AIMME or the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, ASCE or the American Society of Civil Engineers, ASME or the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the most important of all the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. They together formed a core unit to overlook the process but soon enough the need of a separate unit or organization became obvious.Thus the AESE or the American Engineering Standards Committee was founded within the next two tears. Later this organization was redesigned and named ANSI or the American National Standards Institute. (Kar, 147) It should be remembered that the ANSI is also affiliated with the ISO or International Organization for Standardization where it represents the US officially. It is also affiliated with the IEC or the Internati onal Electrotechnical Commission. However, this affiliation is made via the National Committee of the United States.Furthermore, the American National Standards Institute is also the member of the IAF or the much important International Accreditation Forum. In the regional sector ANSI is an active member of the PASC or the Pacific Area Standards Congress and it represents the United States and also hold an important portfolio as a member in the COPANT or the Pan American Standards Commission. It is a very important part of the PAC or the Pacific Accreditation Cooperation too and is extremely instrumental in the decision making machineries of the IAAC or Inter American Accreditation Cooperation.However, it should be mentioned that the activities of ANSI in this sector is mostly done via ANAB or the ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board. (Kar, 148) The standardization process of the ANSI follows a strict mode of hallmark. Firstly, agreement by an assembly of eminent position holders a re taken into consideration who are granted as able representatives of interested bodies and those who are affected materially. Secondly, draft standards are prepared based on comments and public review that is predominantly broad based.Thirdly, the voting members evaluate and analyze the topic in concern and then after thorough consideration the response is taken into account. The fourth phase starts with the process of incorporation of the changes agreed upon in relation to the requirements of the consensus and in accordance to the standard of the initial draft. The fifth and the last phase deal with the process of development of standard where appeal could be put forward in relation to review of the entire process, if necessary. (Lamb, 245)In conclusion it should be mentioned that the ANSI was founded on 19th October, 1918 and holds a legal status that indicates it belongs to non profit institution and private firm under 501(c) 3. (King, 30)The head office of ANSI is situated in Washington, DC. The present Chairman of ANSI is Robert W. Noth and the president is Joe Bhatia. (King, 28) According to the current profile of ANSI the organization has a total workforce of more than 85 full time employees and the annual budget of the organization is about $22 million.(King, 29) The organization runs on membership and its members are individuals, International bodies, academic bodies, Companies, Organizations and most of all Government agencies. At present date the ANSI is the representative of about 4 million professionals and 125000 companies. (King, 27) References: Kar, P; History of Technology and related applications. (Kolkata: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2001) pp 147-8 King, H; The ANSI Today. (Chennai: HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2006) pp 27-30 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (Delhi: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

Value of Commercial Multiculturalism

Value of Commercial Multiculturalism People are able to move from one place and settle in other areas of the world. People from different backgrounds are found living together in different places especially urban areas. The immigrants exercise their cultural traits in their new area of settlement. However, in the areas where immigrants settle, the natives always have their culture which is sometimes different from that of the immigrants.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value of Commercial Multiculturalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to have a good and peaceful life, it is always good for people to learn to assimilate the culture of their neighbors. This has led to situation where people exhibit mixed cultural traits because they borrow some traits from various cultures. With this situation, tastes and preferences of people are highly dynamic which require production to also change continuously. As a result, multiculturalism has developed i n every sector of the economy including commerce. Multiculturalism is used to refer to a situation where traits from different cultures are incorporated into people’s daily lives. When people from different cultural backgrounds live together for a long period of time they learn some traits from various cultures and make them part of their day-to-day activities. This is a result of mutual respects of the diverse nature of life and acceptance that people are free to practice their culture. The behavior is manifested in different aspects of the society including schools, policies, politics and businesses (Jain Triandis 1997). Commercial multiculturalism refers to the idea of taking into consideration the ethnical differences when producing and selling commodities. For one to be able to successfully trade in a multicultural society, he or she must incorporate cultural difference into the production of goods and services. Commodity culture comes about as a result of the productio n and distribution process of goods and services. In order to have a representation of the community as whole, commodities need to incorporate aspects of all the cultures. People’s tastes change as much as they mingle with people from other cultural backgrounds. Commercial Multiculturalism requires that any commodity be produced in a manner that does not present any cultural traits as being central.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main problem of producers is always how they can come up with a commodity that cannot encounter opposition from the public (Vang 2010). Therefore, producers have the role of developing commodities which are not ethnocentric but which at the same time will not lead to identity loss. Commodity culture results from the interaction of means of production of various cultural backgrounds. People from different cultures will always endea vor to have their cultural food and styles of life maintained. In this regard, producers of various commodities have found it worthwhile to come up with all round commodities. It is important to note that commercial culture is the culture traits that producers put into consideration whenever they think of producing any commodity. Arguably, this culture is not static given the continuous interaction between people of various cultural backgrounds. Therefore, producers have to always be aware of the tastes of people in order to keep up with the demand of the community. Each community has its own unique commodities that they adore very much (Parekh 2002). In production of these commodities, producers need to understand the cultural requirements of these ethnic groups. Most importantly, it should be noted that culture and trade have very many things to share. Commercial multiculturalism has various advantages to the society as a whole. To begin with, commercial multiculturalism is crucia l in ensuring that cultural traits of minority groups in various parts of the world. It is very easy for one community to get assimilated and be swallowed by another community. Dominant cultures can easily have their way of doing things prevail over others. In this regard, commercial multiculturalism is important in ensuring that various cultural traits are preserved. The process of cultural amalgamation is dangerous because it can lead to extinct of various cultures from the society (Vang 2010). Minority cultures need protection from the dominant culture and this can easily be found through commodity culture. It is important to note that among the commodities are among the modes through which culture of a given community is transferred from one generation to the other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Value of Commercial Multiculturalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the same note, confidence in ones culture i s very essential in boosting of self identity. If people are not confident about their culture, they would be unwilling to protect it. In this regard, commodity multiculturalism is essential in enhancing confidence of people in their culture. It is important to note that it is through accepting ones cultural background that people can be willing to pass their culture to their children. As a result, this will enhance confidence personal identity. Consequently, various cultural traits will be preserved through commercial multiculturalism. Preservation of the different culture is essential in ensuring that there is continuous existence of these cultures for the benefit of future generations (Dwyer Crang 2002). Similarly, commercial multiculturalism has been found to be beneficial in making people to accept and positively recognize other people’s culture. For peace to prevail in a community where people from diverse cultural backgrounds coexist, respect of cultural diversity is crucial. By ensuring that commodities of different cultures are available, commercial multiculturalism ensures that each culture is appreciated. It makes people to appreciate that fact that other cultures are also worth and thus enhance mutual respect (Parekh 2002). Consequently, people become more willing to interact and share ideas with people from various cultural backgrounds thus enhancing harmony. It goes without saying that when there is reduced tension in the community, it is easier to implement policies which means that economic development is possible. Arguably, peace is a necessary ingredient for national development. Various social vices like racial discrimination need to be eliminated from the society. For this objective to be achieved, cultural diversity needs to be incorporated in the minds of people. Cases of hate crimes will be greatly reduced if people learn to be accommodative of other people’s attitudes and perspectives at which they approach issues. People need to be tolerant of the different cultural traits that are present within the community. Commercial multiculturalism makes people learn to respect views of others regarding various aspects of life. People will accept the fact that everybody must belong to a given culture and that is not a personal mistake.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will eliminate the negative stereotypes that people have about different cultures. Consequently, cases of discrimination in society will be reduced. This will increase unity among various groups of people thus eliminating tension in society (Dwyer Crang 2002). On the same note, commercial multiculturalism is vital because it leads to ingenuity and creativity in production. This leads to enhanced quality of commodities available in the market as every producer wants to produce the most indigenous product while taking into consideration the current tastes and preferences. The result is an increased range of products from which consumers can choose from. Increased variety is crucial in enhancing living standards of people. Furthermore, this increases chances of people to learn more about a given culture and thus appreciate it the more. It is important to note that increased variety also eliminates monotony of given products which would easily be misconceived (Jain Triandis 1997) . Most importantly, commercial multiculturalism helps in enhancing understanding among the community. This leads to development of objectivity in the way people view issues of different cultures. By understanding the material culture of a given ethnic group people will be able to change their perspective towards that ethnic group. In this regard, multiculturalism helps in opening up people’s minds when dealing with cultural issues (Eriksen 2012). Unfortunately, commercial multiculturalism does not always lead to positive impacts in society as it may be depicted in this discussion. There are various negative impacts of commercial multiculturalism that have been identified. To begin with, there are some ethnic groups which due to commercial multiculturalism want to deeply associate with their cultural commodities. These people seldom purchase commodities that have indications of other culture. As a result, their interaction with people from other communities is highly affected by this behavior (Dwyer Crang 2002). In the end, these groups of people isolate themselves from the others. This is not good for national integration as it creates negative attitudes and increases tension among people. Moreover this type of separation increases probabilities of discrimination. Moreover, commercial multiculturalism brings on board more information about other cultures. Though this may sound good from the onset, some people have used it wrongly. The information enables people to compare their cultural traits with that of others especially fashion. Misinformed people then start comparing their culture with that of other people and categorize the cultures as being either superior or inferior. This has been known to increase tension among people from different cultural backgrounds in the society (Vang 2010). Similarly, in the move to ensure that they keep with the changing customer demand, producers introduce some new ideas into their commodities. Much as this creativit y is good, it has been noted that it leads to loss of some very crucial aspects of the original culture thus leading to emergence of a different subcultures. Additionally, commercial multiculturalism tends to increase the concentration of people from the same cultural background in the same area. This limits chances of integration and makes people to differentiate themselves from others. Cultural interaction cannot be avoided. In fact, most of the things that are present in the society are as a result of cultural interaction. The current dressing fashions have cultural traits from at least two cultures. People eat foods that were previously reserved for particular communities only. Globalization has increased the movement of people from one place to the other. However, culture maintenance is critical. Material culture being one aspect of culture that can easily be influenced, it needs to be preserved. As a result, commercial multiculturalism is essential to ensure that people from v arious ethnic backgrounds are able to access the commodities they desire. Moreover, in order to boost positive intermingling among people, it would be important to have affairs of everybody catered for. Commercial Multiculturalism is crucial in achieving this. Reference List Dwyer, C Crang, P 2002, ‘Fashion Ethnicities: The Commercial Spaces of Multiculture’, Ethnicities, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 410-430. Eriksen, J 2012, The Democratic Contradictions of Multiculturalism, Telos Press Publishing, New York. Jain, KR Triandis HC 1997, Management of Research and Development Organizations: Managing the Unmanageable, John Wiley Sons, Hoboken. Parekh, B 2002, Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Vang, CT 2010, An Educational Psychology of Methods in Multicultural Education, Peter Lang, Bern.

Offering Help in English for ESL Learners

Offering Help in English for ESL Learners There are a number of formulas used when offering help in English. Here are some of the most common: May I help you?Can I help you?Are you looking for something?Would you like some help?Do you need some help?What can I do for you today? After you study these constructions, take the offering help quiz to check your understanding. Construction Formula Verb Form May I help you? Use May I or Can I the base form of the verb in a statement. Are you looking for something? Use Are you looking for something OR anything in particular OR specific object Would you like some help? Use Would you like some help OR some advice OR a recommendation Do you need some help? Use Do you need some help OR some advice OR a recommendation What can I do for you today? Use What can I do for you, her, him, etc. today OR this morning, this afternoon, this evening

Is youth gang crime the result of differential opportunity structure Essay

Is youth gang crime the result of differential opportunity structure - Essay Example Differential opportunity structure is theory introduced by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin in with the background of delinquent and criminal socialization. A young person who may have actually committed a relatively small crime could end up being labeled a criminal. The crime promotes opportunity disorder in social and cultural life both gang members and other people who lived in the same society where youth gangs engaged. Youth gang crimes have differential opportunity structure in their own lives and other’s. A youth who may never commit another crime in his life can end as a criminal because he is seen as capable of being one by the society that he or she lives in. Anyway youth gang crime is comparatively a serious issue in contemporary England. Analyzing the social and econometric background of Britain one can easily comprehend the fact that youth gang crimes have played a vital role in various fields of social and cultural life such as higher education, employment, justic e, and healthcare. Differential opportunities in education, justice, employment and healthcare have affected manly young people and often it strengthens the concept of angry young man. Denial of opportunities in justice and healthcare are always resulted further risk factors that promote gang involvement. Gang crimes always make negative effects in individual and social life of a person. Generally Government and public never show their willingness to accept the gang members as equals to their fellow beings. Identity of a gang member, who once practiced gang activities, forces him to withdraw to his own isolated group. The society and its accessible norms and policies never permit him to engage in the activities of mainstream life. Differential opportunity structure affects him in different ways and after effects of this crisis prevents him to engage his duties and responsibilities to the nation. Justifiable opportunities to pursue socially and

Why Corporate Income Tax Should Be Abolished Essay

Why Corporate Income Tax Should Be Abolished - Essay Example This would make the conditions of doing business in the country more friendly. As a result, foreign investors would flock the country in pursuit of the American dream. The main aim of the corporate income tax is to make sure that corporations too have a role to play in nation building by paying tax. The government provides the corporations with a good environment to do business and in order to support this; the government uses a substantial amount of funds. Therefore, the corporations should pay tax to ensure that the government is able to provide them with such services that enable them to be profitable. As much as the corporate income tax stands at 35%, some corporations have found ways to bring this number down to around 12%. This is has been made possible through the introduction of tax refunds. Wealthy individuals will also find ways to incorporate their wealth to their corporations’ wealth. This would mean that the government would lose more revenue. The author states that at some point in history when the personal income tax become high, wealthy individuals incorporated their wealth to that of their corporations in order to pay the much lower corporate income tax. If the corporate tax was to be scrapped off, it should be done in well calculated move. The benefits and the costs should be considered both in the long run and the short run. All the loopholes should then be closed to ensure people don’t take advantage of this as a way to avoid paying taxes. Such a move would spell danger to the American economy.

Discuss and Examine the Free movement of Lawyers to provide services Assignment

Discuss and Examine the Free movement of Lawyers to provide services and establish a practice in another Member State of the Eur - Assignment Example Heremans (2010) indicated that by ratifying several laws the EU’s actions are geared towards integrating the national systems for legal practice within its jurisdiction. This paper is aimed at assessing the structures guiding the legal practice within the larger European Union. The main challenges facing the regulations and the implications of legal practice within the territory are also covered in this paper. In understanding these issues, the paper analyses the Treaty upon which the European Union is anchored, EU Directives on legal practices within the region, and authorities issued by the European Court of Justice (ECJ). This paper focuses on movement of legal professionals within the European Union to provide services. History of EU Regulations Hill (1995) noted that the establishment of the statutory structures for legal practice within the EU is a process that has lasted for many decades. The issue first arose in 1957 when various countries within the region signed the EU Treaty (Hill, 1995). The then Article 59 provided for the freedom to legal practice within the territory. ... Article 50 also states that without partiality to the letter and spirit of Article 43, which confers upon EU citizens the right of establishment, a legal specialist may briefly render services in another country where the client is based, under the national legal structures of the place of service. Article 43 covers actual carrying out of economic activity in different EU Member States everlastingly by integrating into the economic system of that state (Tucker, 1997). Regardless of its unifying foundation, Giesen (2005) has noted that the EU Treaty is only the universal legal structure guiding the free movement of people and services across states within the EU and falls short of providing the finer details of service provision. In light of the EU legal limits, the invocation of the freedom of establishment is dependent upon secondary laws, which are passed to complement EU regulation of service provision in particular fields (Hill, 1995). ECJ Authorities At first, the issue of wheth er a legal practice needed to be excluded from the universal liberal clauses supporting freedom to offer services and the establishment of one’s self was contentious (Hill, 1995). Notably, the EC Treaty provides for exceptions only where freedom to render services and establish oneself may have an impact on execution of national government policy (Giesen, 2005). But Guild (1999) noted that the activities of legal professionals have no bearing on the implementation of government policy. In light these ambiguities the ECJ has delivered landmark rulings in favour of economic integration. Previous verdicts of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) have been imperative in setting aside the legal hindrances imposed by member states on individuals who are willing to enjoy their right to